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<p>&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x6709;&#x526F;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x4E4B;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x6CE8;&#x89E3;&#x6BD4;&#x5982; plot &#x548C; hline &#x8FD8;&#x4F1A;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x6216;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x6CE8;&#x89E3;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x53C2;&#x4E0E;&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#xFF08;&#x89C1; fill &#x6CE8;&#x89E3;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x6B64;&#x5904;&#x627E;&#x5230; Pine &#x6CE8;&#x91CA;&#x7684;&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;&#x6982;&#x8FF0;&#x3002;&#xFF08;&#x539F;&#x6587;&#x94FE;&#x63A5;&#xFF09;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3001;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x548C;&#x6CE8;&#x89E3;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x662F;&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x6309;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#xFF0C;&#x62EC;&#x53F7;&#x4E2D;&#x662F;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x5DEE;&#x5F02;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x662F;&#x8BED;&#x4E49;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x6CE8;&#x89E3;&#x548C;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x63A5;&#x53D7;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x5B57;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x800C;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E0D;&#x63A5;&#x53D7;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5E26;&#x6709;&#x4F4D;&#x7F6E;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x6CE8;&#x89E3;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>study(&apos;Example&apos;, &apos;Ex&apos;, true)
</code></pre><p>&#x5E26;&#x6709;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x5B57;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>study(title=&apos;Example&apos;, shorttitle=&apos;Ex&apos;, overlay=true)
</code></pre><p>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7EC4;&#x5408;&#x4F4D;&#x7F6E;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x548C;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x5B57;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x4F4D;&#x7F6E;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x653E;&#x5728;&#x6700;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#xFF0C;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x5B57;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x8DDF;&#x5728;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x65E0;&#x6548;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>study(precision=3, &apos;Example&apos;) // Compilation error!
</code></pre><h2 id="pine-&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x548C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5757;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x5386;&#x53F2;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;">Pine &#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x548C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5757;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x5386;&#x53F2;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;</h2>
<p>Pine &#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684; series &#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x5386;&#x53F2;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5BF9;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x6B21;&#x8FDE;&#x7EED;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5728;&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x67F1;&#x4E0A;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x8BE5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x5757;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x548C;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x7684; series &#x5386;&#x53F2;&#x503C;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x5DEE;&#x5F02;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E0D;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x67F1;&#x4E0A;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x8BE5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x4F1A;&#x4F7F;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x503C;&#x5728;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x548C;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x7684; series &#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x5386;&#x53F2;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x70B9;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x770B;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x811A;&#x672C;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D; f &#x548C; f2 &#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6BCF;&#x9694;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x67F1;&#x5C31;&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>//@version=4
study(&quot;My Script&quot;, overlay=true)

// Returns the value of &quot;a&quot; the last time the function was called 2 bars ago.
f(a) =&gt; a[1]
// Returns the value of last bar&apos;s &quot;close&quot;, as expected.
f2() =&gt; close[1]

oneBarInTwo = bar_index % 2 == 0
plot(oneBarInTwo ? f(close) : na, color=color.maroon, linewidth=6, style=plot.style_cross)
plot(oneBarInTwo ? f2() : na, color=color.lime, linewidth=6, style=plot.style_circles)
plot(close[2], color=color.maroon)
plot(close[1], color=color.lime)
</code></pre><p><img src="../img/Function_historical_context_1.png" alt="&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x7684;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;"></p>
<p>&#x4ECE;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x56FE;&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;a[1] &#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x7684;&#x524D;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64; f &#x5728;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x67F1;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x88AB;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x524D;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x67F1;&#x7684;&#x6536;&#x76D8;&#x4EF7;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4; a[1] &#x548C; close[1] &#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x8FC7;&#x53BB;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7D22;&#x5F15; 1&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x4E3A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1F;">&#x4E3A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1F;</h2>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x662F;&#x5FC5;&#x9700;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x67F1;&#x4E0A;&#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x610F;&#x5916;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x50CF; if &#x5206;&#x652F;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x9664;&#x975E; if &#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#xFF0C;&#x5426;&#x5219;&#x4E0D;&#x5F97;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x67D0;&#x4E9B;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x610F;&#x5916;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x67F1;&#x7EBF;&#x4E2D;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x624D;&#x80FD;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x5176;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x5C06;&#x6B64;&#x7C7B;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x653E;&#x7F6E;&#x5728;&#x5E76;&#x975E;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x67F1;&#x7EBF;&#x90FD;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982; if &#x5206;&#x652F;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x6B64;&#x7C7B;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5C06;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x9884;&#x671F;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x65B9;&#x6848;&#x662F;&#x5C06;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x7F6E;&#x4E8E;&#x5176;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x4E4B;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x4FBF;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x67F1;&#x4E0A;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x6B64;&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;barssince&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x67F1;&#x4E0A;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5B83;&#x4F4D;&#x4E8E;&#x4E09;&#x5143;&#x8FD0;&#x7B97;&#x7B26;&#x7684;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x5206;&#x652F;&#x5185;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>//@version=4
study(&quot;Barssince&quot;,overlay=false)
res = close&gt;close[1] ? barssince(close&lt;close[1]) : -1
plot(res, style=plot.style_histogram, color=res &gt;= 0 ? color.red : color.blue)
</code></pre><p>&#x8FD9;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x4E0D;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A; barssince &#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x67F1;&#x4E0A;&#x90FD;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><img src="../img/Function_historical_context_2.png" alt="&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x7684;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;"></p>
<p>&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x65B9;&#x6848;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x5206;&#x652F;&#x4E4B;&#x5916;&#x8C03;&#x7528; barssince &#x4EE5;&#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x5176;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x67F1;&#x4E0A;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>//@version=4
study(&quot;Barssince&quot;,overlay=false)
b = barssince(close&lt;close[1])
res = close&gt;close[1] ? b : -1
plot(res, style=plot.style_histogram, color=res &gt;= 0 ? color.red : color.blue)
</code></pre><p>&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x4E86;&#x9884;&#x671F;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><img src="../img/Function_historical_context_3.png" alt="&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x7684;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;"></p>
<h2 id="&#x5F02;&#x5E38;">&#x5F02;&#x5E38;</h2>
<p>&#x5E76;&#x975E;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x90FD;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x67F1;&#x7EBF;&#x4E2D;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7279;&#x6B8A;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#xFF1A;</p>
<blockquote>
<p>abs, acos, asin, atan, ceil, cos, dayofmonth, dayofweek, exp, floor, heikinashi, hour, kagi, 
linebreak, log, log10, max, min, minute, month, na, nz, pow, renko, round, second, sign, sin, 
sqrt, tan, tickerid, time, timestamp, tostring, weekofyear, year</p>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;<br>&#x5728; for &#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x5185;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5728;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x8FED;&#x4EE3;&#x4E2D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C; lowest &#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x67F1;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x6B21;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x90FD;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x7ED9;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#xFF08;&#x5373;bar_index&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x4E2D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7279;&#x6B8A;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x3002;</p>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<pre><code>//@version=4
study(&quot;My Script&quot;)
va = 0.0
for i = 1 to 2 by 1
    if (i + bar_index) % 2 == 0
        va := lowest(bar_index, 10)  // same context on each call
plot(va)
</code></pre>
                                
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